Our work covers a vast terrain. Altogether, many content areas, as well as effects we study in each of them, help us sharpen the understanding of how culture shapes the mind.


The brain is a biological organ designed to produce symbolic representations of both external and internal realities. Culture shapes the brain, and by so doing, it forms the mind.


The person – or agency – arises from recursive, dynamic interactions between culture and the brain. To understand the resulting brain-culture complex is a significant focus of our work.